The Internal Bond™ Tester is designed to determine the internal bond strength of a variety of Paper and Board materials according to TAPPI T 569 and ISO 16260. The instrument design is based on a falling pendulum which creates a high speed impact on a paper specimen. The paper specimen is sandwiched between two double-coated tape substrates. The pendulum impact measures the total energy required to delaminate the internal fibers of a specimen in a “Z” type direction into two plies.

An automatic sample preparation station (Model 80-30) is available which allows five specimens to be accurately pressed and cut simultaneously. The prep station includes a safety enclosure over the cutting blades, eliminating the use of box cutting knives to separate the individual test specimens.

United’s DFM-150kN test frame is ideal for testing samples up to 150 kN. (33,700 lbf.). From basic tension and compression testing to advanced materials testing the DFM-150kN is a versatile test system used across virtually all industries.

Floor model systems are designed to sit on lab or production floors due to their increased size and weight. We offer both servo-electric floor model systems and servo-hydraulic floor model systems. For information on our servo-hydraulic systems, please return to the product menu and select one of the DHFM systems.

United’s Tru-Blue II is an all scale computer-controlled Rockwell hardness tester utilizing a precision load cell for accurate force measurement. Tough, durable and easy to use. Removable clamping device allows for supporting odd shaped and large heavy parts.

What is Rockwell Hardness Testing?

The Rockwell Hardness Test is generally a non-destructive test performed on samples when it is necessary to determine how hard a material is.  Hugh M. Rockwell (1890–1957) and Stanley P. Rockwell (1886–1940) from Connecticut co-invented the first tester and a patent was granted in 1919. The Rockwell Hardness test is generally considered easier to perform compared to other methods such as Vickers or Brinell.

Hardness is defined as a material’s resistance to permanent indentation. Current Rockwell Hardness test methods are specified in ASTM E-18 and anyone wishing to perform a Rockwell Hardness test should become familiar with this test standard.

Rockwell Hardness Test Procedure

The Rockwell hardness test consists of indenting the test material with a diamond cone or hardened steel ball indenter. Each time a test is performed two loads are applied to the sample being tested. First, the indenter is forced into the test material under a preliminary minor load and this depth is recorded. With the minor load still applied an additional load is introduced known as the major load which increases the depth of penetration on the sample. The Major load is then removed, and the force on the sample is returned to the minor load. The increase in the depth of penetration that results from applying and removing the major load is used to calculate the Rockwell hardness value.

The Multipurpose Solution for Your Analytical Needs

With the Empyrean, PANalytical has set the new standard for a multipurpose diffractometer. In developing the ultimate X-ray platform for the analysis of powders, thin films, nanomaterials and solid objects, the PANalytical R&D team has redesigned all key components of the X-ray diffractometer from the ground up.   It is PANalytical’s answer to the challenges of modern materials research, where the lifetime of a diffractometer is considerably longer than the horizon of any research project.